Uso de opioides en fibromialgia, prevalencia y efectos adversos: Una revisión monográfica
| dc.contributor.advisor | Gulloso Pedrozo, Leonel | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ceballos Londoño, Leonela Fernanda | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000470163 | spa |
| dc.contributor.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-173X | spa |
| dc.coverage.city | Tuluá | spa |
| dc.coverage.spatial | Tuluá, Valle del Cauca, Colombia | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-06-26T15:49:40Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-06-26T15:49:40Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | ilustraciones, gráficos, tablas | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | La fibromialgia es una enfermedad caracterizada por dolor crónico generalizado, fatiga y alteraciones del sueño, vinculada a fenómenos de sensibilización central. A pesar de la evidencia limitada sobre la eficacia de los opioides para el tratamiento del dolor en esta condición, su uso continúa siendo frecuente en diversos contextos clínicos, generando inquietudes respecto a posibles efectos adversos y complicaciones asociadas, como la dependencia, tolerancia e hiperalgesia inducida por opioides. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la prevalencia del uso de opioides en pacientes con fibromialgia, profundizar en sus mecanismos de acción y evaluar críticamente su eficacia clínica para el manejo del dolor en esta patología. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de alcance utilizando bases de datos científicas reconocidas (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus), incluyéndose estudios transversales, ensayos clínicos, cohortes y revisiones sistemáticas publicados en la última década. Se emplearon términos clave como “fibromyalgia”, “opioids”, “prevalence”, “chronic pain” y “central sensitization”. La búsqueda se amplió con artículos de literatura básica y tratados médicos reconocidos en farmacología y dolor. Los artículos identificados fueron revisados críticamente, seleccionando aquellos que ofrecían información relevante sobre prevalencia, mecanismos de acción, eficacia y riesgos del uso de opioides en fibromialgia. Resultados: La prevalencia del uso de opioides en fibromialgia varió notablemente según el contexto geográfico, con rangos entre 12.8% y 75%. Se identificaron diferencias significativas, siendo altas en América del Norte (22%-33%), variables en América Latina, y moderadas pero crecientes en Europa (9%-13%). Fisiopatológicamente, la revisión confirmó que los opioides ejercen sus efectos analgésicos por activación de receptores específicos (mu, delta, kappa), inhibiendo neurotransmisores como glutamato y sustancia P. Sin embargo, este mecanismo es inefectivo frente a la sensibilización central predominante en fibromialgia. Además, se documentaron efectos adversos graves relacionados con el uso crónico de opioides, como dependencia, disfunción endocrina, inmunosupresión, deterioro cognitivo e hiperalgesia inducida. Discusión: La alta prevalencia del uso de opioides en fibromialgia contrasta con la clara evidencia sobre su limitada eficacia terapéutica y riesgos asociados. Estos hallazgos revelan la necesidad de repensar las prácticas clínicas actuales, desplazando el enfoque hacia terapias más efectivas y seguras que aborden específicamente los mecanismos fisiopatológicos implicados en esta enfermedad. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la prescripción de opioides en fibromialgia es frecuente pero injustificada debido a su baja eficacia terapéutica y alto riesgo de complicaciones graves. Se recomienda limitar estrictamente su uso, fortaleciendo enfoques multidisciplinarios alternativos, orientados al manejo integral y seguro del dolor crónico en esta condición clínica. | spa |
| dc.description.abstractenglish | Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition primarily characterized by widespread pain, persistent fatigue, and significant cognitive and emotional disturbances. Its pathophysiology is predominantly associated with central sensitization of the nervous system, a mechanism that explains both chronic pain persistence and limited therapeutic responses to conventional treatments. Despite this evidence, opioids continue to be frequently prescribed for pain management in fibromyalgia patients, even though their efficacy and safety are controversial. This monograph aimed to review the prevalence of opioid use among patients with fibromyalgia, analyze their mechanisms of action explaining therapeutic inefficacy, and evaluate the risks associated with long-term opioid therapy. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, systematically searching scientific articles, academic textbooks, and clinical studies on fibromyalgia and opioids across international databases, including PubMed, Scielo, ScienceDirect, and specialized academic repositories. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were clearly defined based on relevance, recency, and methodological quality, focusing on three main areas: prevalence of opioid use, pathophysiological mechanisms, and therapeutic efficacy. Results: The prevalence of opioid use among fibromyalgia patients varied considerably across geographic contexts, ranging from 12.8% to as high as 75%. Significant regional differences were identified, with higher rates reported in North America (22%-33%), variable prevalence in Latin America, and moderate but increasing usage in Europe (9%-13%). Pathophysiologically, the review confirmed that opioids exert analgesic effects primarily by activating specific opioid receptors (mu, delta, and kappa), which inhibit neurotransmitters such as glutamate and substance P. However, this mechanism proves ineffective in addressing the central sensitization characteristic of fibromyalgia. Moreover, significant adverse effects associated with chronic opioid use were documented, including dependency, endocrine dysfunction, immunosuppression, cognitive impairment, and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Discussion: The high prevalence of opioid prescription contrasts sharply with robust evidence demonstrating their limited therapeutic efficacy and considerable associated risks. These findings highlight the urgent need to reassess current clinical practices, advocating for a shift toward safer and more effective treatment strategies that specifically target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of fibromyalgia. Conclusions: The study concludes that opioid prescription in fibromyalgia is frequent yet unjustified due to limited therapeutic benefit and substantial risks of severe complications. It is recommended to strictly limit their use and strengthen multidisciplinary approaches that offer safer, integrated management of chronic pain in this clinical condition. | spa |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | spa |
| dc.description.degreename | Medico | spa |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Resumen / Abstract / Introducción / 1 Planteamiento del problema / 2 Objetivos / 2.1 Objetivo general / 2.2 Objetivos específicos / 3 Marco Teórico / 3.1 Origen y mecanismo del dolor por Fibromialgia / 3.2 Marco Conceptual / 4 Metodología / 4.1 Estrategia de búsqueda / 4.2 Criterios de Inclusión y Exclusión / 4.3 Síntesis y análisis de datos / 5 Resultados / 5.1 Frecuencia de uso de Opioides en Fibromialgia (2015-2025) / 5.2 Mecanismo de acción y eficacia de los opioides en el tratamiento del dolor por fibromialgia. Acción de los opioides para controlar el dolor / 5.3 Genesis del dolor en los pacientes con fibromialgia / 5.4 Mecanismo de acción de los Opioides / 5.5 Efectos adversos y adicción a los Opioides / 5.6 Efectos adversos y uso de Opioides en Fibromialgias: Alteración del Sueño / 6 Discusión / 7 Conclusiones / 8 Recomendaciones / Referencias | spa |
| dc.format | spa | |
| dc.format.extent | 44 páginas | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
| dc.identifier.citation | Ceballos Londoño (1) | spa |
| dc.identifier.instname | Instname:Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:https://repositorio.uceva.edu.co/ | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12993/4992 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Medicina | spa |
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| dc.relation.references | Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia: a clinical review. JAMA. 2014;311(15):1547-55. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.3266. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):S2-15. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Russell IJ, Vaeroy H, Javors M, Nyberg F. Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35(5):550-6. doi:10.1002/art.1780350506. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Phillips K, Clauw DJ. Central pain mechanisms in chronic pain states—maybe it is all in their head. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25(2):141-54. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2011.02.005. | spa |
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| dc.relation.references | Phillips K, Clauw DJ. Central pain mechanisms in chronic pain states—maybe it is all in their head. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25(2):141-154. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2011.02.005. | spa |
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| dc.relation.references | Lee M, Silverman SM, Hansen H, Patel VB, Manchikanti L. A comprehensive review of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Pain Physician. 2011;14(2):145-161. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB, Hansen RN, Sullivan SD, Blazina I, et al. The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(4):276-286. doi:10.7326/M14-2559. | spa |
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| dc.relation.references | Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB, Hansen RN, Sullivan SD, Blazina I, et al. The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(4):276-86. doi:10.7326/M14-2559. | spa |
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| dc.relation.references | hillips K, Clauw DJ. Central pain mechanisms in chronic pain states—maybe it is all in their head. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25(2):141-54. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2011.02.005. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Lee M, Silverman SM, Hansen H, Patel VB, Manchikanti L. A comprehensive review of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Pain Physician. 2011;14(2):145-61. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Benyamin R, Trescot AM, Datta S, et al. Opioid complications and side effects. Pain Physician. 2008;11(2 Suppl):S105-20. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB, et al. The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(4):276-86. doi:10.7326/M14-2559. | spa |
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| dc.rights | Derechos reservados - Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca | spa |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
| dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | * |
| dc.rights.local | Abierto (Texto Completo) | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 | * |
| dc.subject.keywords | Fibromyalgia | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Addiction | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Opioids | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Opioid-related disorders | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Fibromialgia | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Prevalencia | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Adicción | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Opioides | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Trastornos relacionados con opioides | spa |
| dc.title | Uso de opioides en fibromialgia, prevalencia y efectos adversos: Una revisión monográfica | spa |
| dc.title.titleenglish | Opioid use in fibromyalgia, prevalence and adverse effects: A monographic review | spa |
| dc.type | bachelor thesis | spa |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | spa |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
| dc.type.content | Text | spa |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | spa |
| dc.type.local | Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado | spa |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
| dcterms.audience | Público general | spa |
| dcterms.audience | Docentes | spa |
| dcterms.audience | Estudiantes | spa |
| dcterms.audience | Investigadores | spa |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Pregrado | spa |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Especialización | spa |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestría | spa |
| dcterms.audience.redcol | Comunidad Cientrífica Colombiana | spa |
| dcterms.audience.redcol | Grupos de investigación | spa |
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